Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
Department of
Languages
Faculty of Social
Sciences and Humanities
Online Lectures
|
Year and Semester
|
Year-3 Semester-2
|
|
Subject
|
English Language
Teaching Methodology-3
|
|
Subject Code
|
ENGL 3212
|
|
Course Unit
|
Direct Method
|
|
Date
|
17.05.2020/18.05.2020
|
|
Time
|
Theory (8.00 am-10.00
am) Practical (3.30 pm-5.30 pm)
|
|
Lecturer
|
D.N. Aloysius
|
|
Theory Hours
|
02
Total No of Hours: 06
|
|
Practical Hours
|
02 Total
No of Hours: 06
|
Direct Method
Direct Method (DM) which is sometimes called
the natural method, and is
often used in teaching foreign languages, refrains from using the
learners' native language and uses only the target language. It was established in England around 1900 and contrasts
with the grammar–translation
method and
other traditional approaches, as well as with C.J. Dodson's bilingual method. It was adopted by key international language schools such
as Berlitz and Inlingua in the 1970s and many of the language departments of
the Foreign Service Institute of the U.S. State Department in 2012. The direct method is also known as natural method. It was
developed as a reaction to the grammar translation method and is designed to
take the learner into the domain of the target language in the most natural
manner.
The main objective is to impart a perfect command of a foreign
language. The main focus being to make the learner think in the targeted
language in the same manner as the learning of his/her mother-tongue in the
most natural way.
In traditional language-learning, pupil participation was found
to be diminished as the teaching is perceived to be long and monotonous.
In general, teaching focuses on the
development of oral skills. Characteristic features of the direct method are:
·
teaching
concepts and vocabulary through pantomiming, real-life objects and other visual
materials
·
teaching
grammar by using an inductive approach (i.e. having learners
find out rules through the presentation of adequate linguistic forms in the
target language)
·
centrality
of spoken language (including a native-like pronunciation)
·
focus
on question-answer patterns
Direct method in teaching a language
is directly establishing an immediate and audio visual association between
experience and expression, words and phrases, idioms and meanings, rules and
performances through the teachers' body and mental skills, without any help of
the learners' mother tongue.
1. Direct method of teaching languages
aims to build a direct way into the world of the target language making a
relation between experience and language, word and idea, thought and expression
rule and performance.
2. This method intends for students to
learn how to communicate in the target language.
3. This method is based on the
assumption that the learner should experience the new language in the same way
as he/she experienced his/her mother tongue without considering the existence
of his/her mother tongue.
- No
translation
- Concepts
are taught by means of objects or by natural contexts through the mental
and physical skills of the teacher only.
- Oral
training helps in reading and writing listening and speaking simultaneously.
- Grammar
is taught indirectly through the implication of the situation creation.
1.
Question/answer exercise – the teacher asks questions of any
type and the student answers.
2.
Dictation – the teacher chooses a grade-appropriate passage and
reads it aloud.
3.
Reading aloud – the students take turn reading sections of a
passage, play or a dialogue aloud.
4.
Student self-correction – when a student makes a mistake the
teacher offers him/her a second chance by giving a choice.
5.
Conversation practice – the students are given an opportunity to
ask their own questions to the other students or to the teacher. This enables
both a teacher-learner interaction as well as a learner-learner interaction.
6.
Paragraph writing – the students are asked to write a passage in
their own words.
The direct method is also known as natural method. It was
developed as a reaction to the grammar translation method and is designed to
take the learner into the domain of the target language in the most natural
manner.
The main objective is to impart a perfect command of a foreign
language. The main focus being to make the learner think in the targeted
language in the same manner as the learning of his/her mother-tongue in the
most natural way.
In traditional language-learning, pupil participation was found
to be diminished as the teaching is perceived to be long and monotonous.
Practical: Compare and contrast
the GTM and DM.
References:
1. Approaches and Methods in language teaching, Richards and Rodgers
2.
Techniques
and principles in language teaching by
Diane Larsen-Freeman
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